insecticidal effect of herbal extracts of marshmallow, fenugreek and lusitanian oak compared with indoxacarb pesticide against tomato leaf miner moth, tuta absoluta (lep.:gelechiidae)

tomato leaf miner moth, tuta absoluta has always been known as the most destructive pest of solanaceae family, especially tomatoes and it have had a lot annual losses to it. therefore, continuous efforts have continued to control it.the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of hibiscus extracts of  marshmallow, fenugreek and lusitanian oak in controlling this pest, in order to help people to find low-risk pesticides as non-chemical alternatives to common chemical pesticides. in this study, all phases of experiments was carried out in research greenhouse in an environment with a temperature of 20 celsius degrees and humidity 23 to 40% with 11 treatments and each in three replications in a randomized complete block design. selective  extracts in concentrations of 75.150, 300 ppm in four replications with two steps of indoxacarb pesticide spraying at concentrations one per thousand and water as control treatment for 19 days was tested on tomatoes against this pest. analysis of the data showed that extracts and pesticide treatments were significantly different from control. mean comparison of the adults pests appeared in treatments showed that the highest number was related to the control treatment(69 ± 1.1 adult pest) and the lowest number was related to indoxacarb pesticide treatment (without adult pest). marshmallow treatment with a concentration of 300 ppm, while there are also significant differences with other treatments, largest number of adult (14 ± 1) was counted after control. then the minimum number of adults observed in plants treated with lusitanian oak extract (4.7 ± 0.6), fenugreek (7 ± 1.2) and marshmallow (9.3 ± 1.2) at a concentration of 150 ppm. although indoxacarb pesticide was used to measure mortality of tomato leaf miner, whit 100% lethality of larvae had the greatest impact but the performance of lusitanian oak, fenugreek and marshmallow extracts at a concentration of 150 ppm, with 80%, 73 % and 70% lethality respectively were also impressive.